Modern machines meet traditional forests, backed by NSCC support

Exploring the efficiency of mechanized and manual thinning in Western Nova Scotia’s private woodlots

In the forests of Western Nova Scotia, thinning young trees to help them grow stronger is a job that has long relied on skilled hands, a spacing saw and a deep understanding of the land. But as woodlot owners face shrinking workforces, rising equipment costs and growing expectations around sustainability, the question is shifting. Can machines step in to do this work more efficiently, more cost-effectively, or more sustainably?

Thanks to NSCC’s Forest Innovation Voucher Program (FIVP) funding, the Western Woodlot Services Co-operative (WWSC) explored that question. The support allowed the co-op to carry out important research into the efficiency and viability of mechanized pre-merchantable silviculture across private woodlots in the region.

Comparing hand tools and heavy equipment in real-world conditions

The project took shape in Kings County, where WWSC led a field trial comparing two approaches to pre-commercial thinning and manual weeding. One half of each test site was treated using traditional methods, with a spacing saw operated by a forestry worker. The other half used a mechanized system, specifically a six-tonne Sany excavator fitted with a Nisula shear head.

The team tracked several metrics. They measured productivity by looking at how many hectares were treated per hour and how many stems were cut. They also monitored operational uptime, ground disturbance and post-treatment stand conditions, such as tree height, density and species mix.

Key findings: Productivity ties, but costs weigh heavier on mechanization

The trial found that both approaches delivered comparable results in terms of productivity and forest condition. Mechanized thinning led to slightly more ground disturbance and crop tree damage, but the difference was not significant. However, when it came to cost, the mechanized method faced greater challenges. With current payment rates and operational costs, it was less financially feasible than the traditional approach.

Even so, the research provided valuable data that could help guide future decisions. The GIS analysis included in the study revealed that more than 7,000 acres of WWSC-managed land require this type of treatment in 2024. Meeting that demand using traditional methods alone may not be realistic.

Why public support matters for private forestry progress

The support from NSCC’s Forest Innovation Voucher Program enabled WWSC to carry out field trials, conduct GIS mapping and generate real-world data. This has created a platform for future work by highlighting where mechanized silviculture might be refined, improved or better integrated into private woodlot management.

What comes next: innovation, equipment improvements, and future trials

This study did not identify a clear winner between manual and mechanized thinning. Instead, it highlighted the complexity of managing forests in a changing environment and economy. It also showed that further exploration is needed. Other equipment combinations, more automation or new training programs could help improve outcomes in future trials.

The forests of Nova Scotia are a vital resource, and private land stewards play a key role in keeping them healthy. With the right support, these land stewards can continue to adapt, evolve, and shape the future of ecological forestry.